{"id":23,"date":"2021-10-24T20:22:21","date_gmt":"2021-10-24T20:22:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/practicalsteam\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=23"},"modified":"2023-02-08T09:20:24","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T09:20:24","slug":"transformation-of-stem-to-steam-education","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/chapter\/transformation-of-stem-to-steam-education\/","title":{"rendered":"Transformation of STEM to STEAM education"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">In this chapter you learn about:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are the expectations associated with the addition of \u201cA\u201d?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are the ''A'' interpretations: from creativity through the arts to the humanities and social sciences?<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are the opportunities for art inclusion in STE(A)M?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>The expectations of STEAM<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nThe arts only became an integral part of STEM education at the beginning of the 21st century, when the integration of STEM subjects did not work as expected. STEAM has become an alternative to the classical STEM model (Costantino, 2018; Perignat &amp; Katz-Buonincontro, 2019; Yakman, 2008). <i><\/i>The inclusion of the arts was expected to make the educational process and its results innovative (Costantino, 2018; Hansen, 2014), stronger motivation of students to learn (Hunter-Doniger, 2018), acquisition of diverse experiences (Allina, 2018), wider applicability of STEAM programs (Knochel, 2018).\r\n\r\nThe STEAM concept emphasizes the aspect of creativity as a factor in creating a learning-friendly environment (Hunter-Doniger et al., 2018), a way to develop creative and critical thinking (Peppler &amp; Wohlwend, 2018), and a prerequisite for developing communication and collaboration skills (Maeda, 2013). One of the reasons for the transformation of STEM education into STEAM was the abundance of research conducted at the end of the last century showing the impact of the arts and creativity on students\u2019 academic achievement (Welch, 2011). Recognising that the arts (art education) improve achievement in mathematics and language arts, the arts have been included in STEM curricula. On the other hand, arts and creativity education have been linked to better PISA scores, problem-solving and critical thinking skills, teamwork, change management, collaboration, and other personal qualities that are highly valued in today's job market.\r\n\r\nEmphasis is placed on the playfulness of art practitioners and creative activities, the experience of risk-taking and the courage to make a mistake, the improvisational nature and the compatibility of meaningful activities in STEAM education.\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>The Letter \"A\" as the arts<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nIn the last decade, a lot of attention has been paid to the issues of arts integration in the STEAM concept. Analyzing the involvement of individual fields of art in STEAM education, it becomes clear that design and visual arts (photography, painting, watercolor, graffiti, sculpture, models, collage, origami) are most often used. It has been observed that these arts make research more inclusive and the results of research more publicly available and better understood by students and their parents (Costantino, 2018). Performing arts (music, theater, dance) are less frequently used in STEAM activities, although the potential of these arts to express abstract scientific ideas in a non-traditional way is recognized (Segarra et al., 2018). For example, dance can be a great way to interpret spatial and dynamic scientific phenomena (Payton et al., 2017), and music to explore acoustic environmental variables (Shatunoval et al., 2019).\r\n\r\nThe inclusion of arts in STEAM education is ambiguous because of the diversity of both the notions of the arts and interpretations of the purpose of arts integration. Arts in STEAM education are associated with the improvement of students' academic performance, the development of students' creativity, critical thinking, and cooperation skills, and thus highlighting the instrumental significance of arts education. The instrumental and internal concepts of the purpose of the arts are to be related to the equivalent and arts-supplemented integrative STEAM models (Figure 1).\r\n\r\nThe concept of the arts and its purpose in STEAM education is diverse. Art is understood as a tool to generate relevant research problems and topics (Costantino, 2018), to contribute to the improvement of academic student achievement (Payton, White, &amp; Mullins, 2017), to creative and critical thinking of students (Peppler and Wohlwend, 2018), and collaboration capacity building (Knochel, 2018).\r\n\r\nThe following meanings of artistic practices are cited to substantiate the intrinsic, in-depth value of integrating the arts into STEAM curricula: greater emotional engagement (Perignat and Katz-Buonincontro, 2019); al., 2017; Hunter-Doniger et al., 2018), the opportunity to discover learning meanings, to look at objects and phenomena in a new way (Welch, 2011; Bang-Hee et al., 2017), to apply knowledge in a variety of ways that are acceptable to everyone (Hunter-Doniger, 2016), to experience a sense of wonder and discovery, to experiment with ideas, materials, objects (Glass and Colleen, 2016). According to Payton, White, and Mullins (2017), an artist will view a problem completely differently than an engineer. First of all, they will choose a person-oriented approach, they will see not only technological but also social meaning in scientific activity.\r\n\r\nRepresentatives of this approach to the purpose of the arts argue that STEAM education must be organized in such a way that lessons are culturally important, calling such a concept of STEAM culturally responsible education (Hunter-Doniger et al., 2018). An in-depth understanding of the purpose of the arts can complement the ways of scientific cognition, encourage the raising and addressing of human existence: What does our work mean? What will this mean for others? What ideas do we want to convey to the solid? How will our work help people learn about the world and themselves? (Radziwill et al., 2015). Such questions, according to the authors, reveal a culturally meaningful, much broader than usual concept of the purpose of science and technology.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-216\" src=\"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Arts-in-STEAM.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1078\" height=\"643\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFigure 1. The Notion of Arts in STEAM education (Girdzijauskiene &amp; \u0160mitiene, 2020).\r\n\r\nThere are different STEAM models:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>The equivalent integrative STEAM model (S+T+E+A+M). In this model, the content and means of teaching all subjects are treated as equally valuable, i.e. disciplines of mathematics, science, technology, engineering, arts. (Perignat &amp; Katz-Buonincontro, 2019; Costantino, 2018\u00a0 etc.). Integration methods are\u00a0 interdisciplinary and multi-subject. The several features are planning and implementing multidisciplinary STEAM programs, detailed descriptions of the STEAM programs, covers a period longer than several months (in some cases the whole academic year), multiple forms of recording learning outcomes.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none\"><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nMultidisciplinary or transdisciplinary, integration is characterized by a focus on the learner, their cognitive activity, learning through research, independent action and decision-making. (Perignat &amp; Katz-Buonincontro, 2019; Costantino, 2018; Shatunoval et al., 2019; Hunter-Doniger et al., 2018).\r\n\r\n2. The arts-supplemented integrative STEAM model (STEM+A). This model is based on the instrumental concept of the purpose of art. They are related to the diversification of students' academic activities, supplementing the repertoire of students' practical activities through drawing, singing, movement, dance, acting.\u00a0 (Knochel, 2018; Morgan ir Collett, 2018; How, Loong ir Hung, 2019). Integration methods are interdisciplinary, and so on. The several features are that the axes of integration become the subjects of natural sciences,\u00a0short-term project as a main teaching-learning form,\u00a0one (less often several) forms of recording learning outcomes,\u00a0developing students\u2018 artistic and creative mindsets (G\u00fclhan &amp; \u015eahin, 2018; Peppler &amp; Wohlowend, 2018; Ahn, 2015).\r\n<h3><strong>The expanding practices of STEAM<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nNowadays, the practice of including the arts in STEM has expanded significantly. School communities seek and find a variety of the ways for the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary integration of the arts. The experience brought by various transnational and national STEAM projects is very valuable in this search. Klaip\u0117da Vyd\u016bnas Gymnasium community (Lithuania) actively implemented STEAM projects in school, participated in CASE (Creativity, Arts and Science in Primary Educations) community activities (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.project-case.eu\/\">http:\/\/www.project-case.eu\/<\/a>).\r\n\r\nIn these STEAM projects, great attention was paid to the involvement of various arts (art, dance, theater, etc.) in the study of natural cognition and mathematics. The CASE project proposes methods based on the IBSE (Inquiry Based Science Education Circle).\u00a0 It is a \u201cscience through art\u201d principle of teaching and learning that encourages teachers and students to raise issues and make creative decisions. The school chooses the seven-step methodology of STEAM projects for the involvement of the arts: question, proof, analysis, explanation, aggregation, communication, reflection. The developed methodology enables learners to understand scientific concepts and phenomena, to develop cooperation and teamwork skills, creative and critical thinking skills. The main axis of activities becomes the search for the links between the interdisciplinarity of science and art, the promotion of interest in natural sciences, and the increase of involvement in learning.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Primary school students' project \"Who needs ants?\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nPupils recorded the data collected during the research, collecting scientific information by drawing and photographing, and presented the results of the research in the shadow theater (picture, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.svietimonaujienos.lt\/meno-ir-mokslo-jungtys-steam-projektuose\/\">https:\/\/www.svietimonaujienos.lt\/meno-ir-mokslo-jungtys-steam-projektuose\/<\/a>).\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-69\" src=\"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193703.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1171\" height=\"529\" \/>\r\n\r\nFigure 2. The integrating arts and science in the primary school project \u201cWho needs ants?\u201d (Photos: Vyd\u016bnas Gymnasium, Lithuania)\r\n\r\nIn another project, the living conditions of spiders and their peculiarities were researched, the findings of the project were presented by slow-motion movie created by students, which was presented at the conference of Klaipeda University (Lithuania) (Figure 2; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qL32y-Rkfz8\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qL32y-Rkfz8<\/a>). In their research, students sought answers to the questions: Are all spiders venomous? Do spiders have feelings? The children were then divided into six groups. Each group chose one question that interested them the most.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-70\" src=\"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193723.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1168\" height=\"385\" \/>\r\n\r\nFigure 3. Pupils explore the kingdom of spiders (Photos: Vyd\u016bnas Gymnasium, Lithuania)\r\n\r\nStudents had to come up with three characters (at least one of them had to be a spider) who had 3 and 2 bad qualities and 1 secret. They had to portray the chosen character, showing all the qualities and mystery. For this purpose, they used wallpapers - on the wallpapers they drew the outline of the child's figure, students were encouraged to draw a character with assigned characteristics.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-71 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193737.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"444\" height=\"589\" \/>\r\n\r\nFigure 4. Sculpture method in STEAM project (Photo: Vyd\u016bnas Gymnasium, Lithuania)\r\n\r\nThe next step is to create a story using the accumulated knowledge of spiders.\u00a0 All stories were presented using the sculptural method, i. e. the \u201cfrozen\u201d composition depicts three moments in history. Once all the stories were presented and discussed, students voted on which story they found most interesting.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nAs it can be seen from the previous examples, the multidisciplinary type of integration can fundamentally change the content of teaching \/ learning and the process of its implementation, i.e. encourage the abandonment of the traditional model of classroom education, learning only in classrooms or school settings. In many cases, the implementation of the program goes beyond the boundaries of one educational institution or curriculum. The main objective is to create a creative ecosystem to achieve the goals of STEAM\u00a0 (Radziwill et al., 2015).\r\n<h3><em>References<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1296392\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Allina<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">B.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">The development of <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> educational policy to promote student creativity and social empowerment<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Arts Education Policy Review<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">119<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">2<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">77<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">87<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1296392\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1296392\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1296392<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"book-edited\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"book-edited\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"book-edited\" data-edited=\"True\" data-series=\"False\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Colucci-Gray<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">L.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Burnard<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">P.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Gray<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">D.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Cooke<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2019<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"book-edited\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">A critical review of <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span> (<span class=\"term.definition\">Science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.in\">. In<\/span> <span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"editor\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"editor\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"foreSur\"><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">G. W.<\/span> <span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Noblit<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\">(<span class=\"term.edOrEds\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">Ed.<\/span>)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.book\" data-type=\"book-edited\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"known\" data-nametype=\"Family\"><span class=\"name.family\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\" data-allow-external-translator=\"no\">Oxford<\/span><\/span> research encyclopedia of education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"group.publisher\"><span class=\"Publisher\" data-display-type=\"None\">Oxford University Press<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190264093.013.398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190264093.013.398\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190264093.013.398<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1292973\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Costantino<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">T.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> by another name: Transdisciplinary practice in art and design education<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Arts Education Policy Review<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">119<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">2<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">100<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">106<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1292973\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1292973\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1292973<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.935\" data-type=\"book\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"book\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"book\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"False\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Friedl<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">A.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2017<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.book\" data-type=\"book\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Teaching science to children: <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">An<\/span> integrated approach. McGrow-<span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">hill<\/span> <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">collage<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224822\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Glass<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">D.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"person\u00acfnAtEnd\">Wilson<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2016<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">The art and science of looking: <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Collaboratively<\/span> learning our way to improved <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> integration<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">69<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">6<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">8<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">14<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224822\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224822\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224822<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.971\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15823\/p.2020.140.9\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Girdzijauskien\u0117<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"name.given\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix tmr-comment-highlight merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">R.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">, &amp; <\/span><\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"foreSur\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">\u0160mitien\u0117<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"name.given\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix tmr-comment-highlight merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">G.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2021<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">The <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">notion<\/span> of <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">arts<\/span> in <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">concept<\/span>: A <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">semi<\/span>-<span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">systematic<\/span> <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">literature<\/span> <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">review<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Pedagogika<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">,<\/span> <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">140<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">4<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">155<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">\u2013<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">1<\/span>71<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15823\/p.2020.140.9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15823\/p.2020.140.9\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15823\/p.2020.140.9<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220671.2013.823364\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Hansen<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">M.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2014<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Characteristics of schools successful in <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEM<\/span><\/span>: Evidence from two states<span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">\u2019<\/span> longitudinal data<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Journal of Educational Research<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">107<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">5<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">374<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">391<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220671.2013.823364\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220671.2013.823364\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220671.2013.823364<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1414534\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Hunter-Doniger<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">T.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art infusion: <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Ideal<\/span> conditions for <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">71<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">2<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">22<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">27<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1414534\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1414534\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1414534<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1389593\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Hunter-Doniger<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">T.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Howard<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Harris<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">R.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Hall<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> through culturally relevant teaching and storytelling<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">71<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">46<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">51<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1389593\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1389593\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1389593<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.971\" data-type=\"conference\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"conference\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"conference\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"False\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\"><span class=\"tmr-comment-highlight\">Yakman<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">G.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2008<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"conference\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> education: An overview of creating a model of integrative education, the pupils<span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">\u2019<\/span> attitudes towards technology (PATT-19)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"id.URL tmr-comment-highlight\" data-type=\"uri\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/327351326_STEAM_Education_an_overview_of_creating_a_model_of_integrative_education<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"name.conferenceDateAndLocation\"><span class=\"Conference\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><span class=\"term.conference\">Conference<\/span>: Research on Technology Innovation Design and Engineering Teaching<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/eta.14.1.35_1\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Knochel<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">A. D.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">An object-oriented curriculum theory for <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span>: Boundary shifters, materiality and per(form)ing 3D thinking<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">International Journal of Education Through Art<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">14<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">35<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">48<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/eta.14.1.35_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/eta.14.1.35_1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/eta.14.1.35_1<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224873\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Liao<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2016<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">From interdisciplinary to transdisciplinary: <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">An<\/span> arts-integrated approach to <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> education<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">69<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">6<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">44<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">49<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224873\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224873<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.908\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"True\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Maeda<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">J.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2013<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEM<\/span><\/span> +<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">.<\/span> <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"refDetail.unmatched tmr-comment-highlight\">= STEAM<\/span><span class=\"tmr-comment-highlight\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"refDetail.unmatched tmr-comment-highlight\">The STEAM Journal<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">3<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"id.URL\" data-type=\"uri\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\">https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/5d30\/c4d0ffd67a4cd4d8ffbfa0eab32bf6ba8806.pdf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"misc\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"misc\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"misc\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"False\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Morgan<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">D. L.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Scannell<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">A.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">1998<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"misc\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Planning Focus Group as qualitative research<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.book\" data-type=\"misc\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Sage <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">publications<\/span> <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">Inc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781412984287\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781412984287\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">https:\/\/doi.org\/<\/span>10.4135\/9781412984287<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.373\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.12860\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">O.Nyumba<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">T.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"1\">Wilson<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">K.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"1\">Derrick<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C. J.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"1\">Mukherjee<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">N.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"> <span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Methods<span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"> in <\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Ecology<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"> and <\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Evolution<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">9<\/span><\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">20<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">32<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210x.12860\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210x.12860\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.12860<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.946\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Payton<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">F.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">White<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">A.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Mullins<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">T.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2017<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEM<\/span><\/span> majors, art thinkers (<span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEM<\/span><\/span> + Arts) \u2013 <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Issues<\/span> of duality, rigor and inclusion<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"tmr-comment-highlight\">Journal of <\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix tmr-comment-highlight merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Stem<\/span><span class=\"tmr-comment-highlight\"> Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">8<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">3<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">39<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">47<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"id.URL\" data-type=\"uri\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\">https:\/\/www.jstem.org\/jstem\/index.php\/JSTEM\/article\/view\/2101\/1870<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1316331\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Peppler<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">K.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Wohlwend<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">K.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Theorizing the nexus of <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> practice<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Arts Education Policy Review<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">119<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">2<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">88<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">99<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1316331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1316331\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1316331<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.971\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsc.2018.10.002\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Perignat<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">E.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Katz-<span class=\"tmr-comment-highlight\">Buonincontro<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">J.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2019<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> in practice and research: An integrative literature review<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Thinking Skills and Creativity<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">31<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">31<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">43<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"id.URL tmr-comment-highlight\" data-type=\"uri\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\">https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1016\/j.tsc.2018.10.002<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsc.2018.10.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsc.2018.10.002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsc.2018.10.002<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1176475\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Rufo<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">D.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2016<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span>-ing up the science fair<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">69<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">4<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">12<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">16<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1176475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1176475\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1176475<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-pub-med=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29904562\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jmbe.v19i1.1360\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Segarra<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">V. A.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Natalizio<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">B.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Falkenberg<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C. V.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Pulford<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">S.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Holmes<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">R. M.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span>: <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Using<\/span> the arts to train well-rounded and creative scientists<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Journal<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"> of <\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Microbiology<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"> and <\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Biology<\/span> <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">19<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">8<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jmbe.v19i1.1360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jmbe.v19i1.1360\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">https:\/\/doi.org\/<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">10.1128\/jmbe.v19i1.1360<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.978\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\"><span class=\"tmr-comment-highlight\">Shatunoval<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">O.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Anisimova<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">T.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Sabirova<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">F.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Kalimullina<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">O.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2019<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> as an innovative educational technology<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Journal of Social Studies Education Research<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">19<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">153<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">179<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"id.URL\" data-type=\"uri\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\">https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/EJ1220702.pdf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/jmte.4.2-3.245_1\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Welch<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">G. F.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"id.year\">2012<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">The arts and humanities, technology and the <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">\u201c<\/span><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"known\" data-nametype=\"Family\"><span class=\"name.family\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\" data-allow-external-translator=\"no\">English<\/span><\/span> Baccalaureate<span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">\u201d<\/span>: <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> not <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEM<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Journal of Music, Technology and Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">4<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">2<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">245<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">250<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/jmte.4.2-3.245_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/jmte.4.2-3.245_1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/jmte.4.2-3.245_1<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">In this chapter you learn about:<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are the expectations associated with the addition of \u201cA\u201d?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are the &#8221;A&#8221; interpretations: from creativity through the arts to the humanities and social sciences?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are the opportunities for art inclusion in STE(A)M?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>The expectations of STEAM<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The arts only became an integral part of STEM education at the beginning of the 21st century, when the integration of STEM subjects did not work as expected. STEAM has become an alternative to the classical STEM model (Costantino, 2018; Perignat &amp; Katz-Buonincontro, 2019; Yakman, 2008). <i><\/i>The inclusion of the arts was expected to make the educational process and its results innovative (Costantino, 2018; Hansen, 2014), stronger motivation of students to learn (Hunter-Doniger, 2018), acquisition of diverse experiences (Allina, 2018), wider applicability of STEAM programs (Knochel, 2018).<\/p>\n<p>The STEAM concept emphasizes the aspect of creativity as a factor in creating a learning-friendly environment (Hunter-Doniger et al., 2018), a way to develop creative and critical thinking (Peppler &amp; Wohlwend, 2018), and a prerequisite for developing communication and collaboration skills (Maeda, 2013). One of the reasons for the transformation of STEM education into STEAM was the abundance of research conducted at the end of the last century showing the impact of the arts and creativity on students\u2019 academic achievement (Welch, 2011). Recognising that the arts (art education) improve achievement in mathematics and language arts, the arts have been included in STEM curricula. On the other hand, arts and creativity education have been linked to better PISA scores, problem-solving and critical thinking skills, teamwork, change management, collaboration, and other personal qualities that are highly valued in today&#8217;s job market.<\/p>\n<p>Emphasis is placed on the playfulness of art practitioners and creative activities, the experience of risk-taking and the courage to make a mistake, the improvisational nature and the compatibility of meaningful activities in STEAM education.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>The Letter &#8220;A&#8221; as the arts<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In the last decade, a lot of attention has been paid to the issues of arts integration in the STEAM concept. Analyzing the involvement of individual fields of art in STEAM education, it becomes clear that design and visual arts (photography, painting, watercolor, graffiti, sculpture, models, collage, origami) are most often used. It has been observed that these arts make research more inclusive and the results of research more publicly available and better understood by students and their parents (Costantino, 2018). Performing arts (music, theater, dance) are less frequently used in STEAM activities, although the potential of these arts to express abstract scientific ideas in a non-traditional way is recognized (Segarra et al., 2018). For example, dance can be a great way to interpret spatial and dynamic scientific phenomena (Payton et al., 2017), and music to explore acoustic environmental variables (Shatunoval et al., 2019).<\/p>\n<p>The inclusion of arts in STEAM education is ambiguous because of the diversity of both the notions of the arts and interpretations of the purpose of arts integration. Arts in STEAM education are associated with the improvement of students&#8217; academic performance, the development of students&#8217; creativity, critical thinking, and cooperation skills, and thus highlighting the instrumental significance of arts education. The instrumental and internal concepts of the purpose of the arts are to be related to the equivalent and arts-supplemented integrative STEAM models (Figure 1).<\/p>\n<p>The concept of the arts and its purpose in STEAM education is diverse. Art is understood as a tool to generate relevant research problems and topics (Costantino, 2018), to contribute to the improvement of academic student achievement (Payton, White, &amp; Mullins, 2017), to creative and critical thinking of students (Peppler and Wohlwend, 2018), and collaboration capacity building (Knochel, 2018).<\/p>\n<p>The following meanings of artistic practices are cited to substantiate the intrinsic, in-depth value of integrating the arts into STEAM curricula: greater emotional engagement (Perignat and Katz-Buonincontro, 2019); al., 2017; Hunter-Doniger et al., 2018), the opportunity to discover learning meanings, to look at objects and phenomena in a new way (Welch, 2011; Bang-Hee et al., 2017), to apply knowledge in a variety of ways that are acceptable to everyone (Hunter-Doniger, 2016), to experience a sense of wonder and discovery, to experiment with ideas, materials, objects (Glass and Colleen, 2016). According to Payton, White, and Mullins (2017), an artist will view a problem completely differently than an engineer. First of all, they will choose a person-oriented approach, they will see not only technological but also social meaning in scientific activity.<\/p>\n<p>Representatives of this approach to the purpose of the arts argue that STEAM education must be organized in such a way that lessons are culturally important, calling such a concept of STEAM culturally responsible education (Hunter-Doniger et al., 2018). An in-depth understanding of the purpose of the arts can complement the ways of scientific cognition, encourage the raising and addressing of human existence: What does our work mean? What will this mean for others? What ideas do we want to convey to the solid? How will our work help people learn about the world and themselves? (Radziwill et al., 2015). Such questions, according to the authors, reveal a culturally meaningful, much broader than usual concept of the purpose of science and technology.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone size-full wp-image-216\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-216\" src=\"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Arts-in-STEAM.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1078\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Arts-in-STEAM.jpg 1078w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Arts-in-STEAM-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Arts-in-STEAM-1024x611.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Arts-in-STEAM-768x458.jpg 768w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Arts-in-STEAM-65x39.jpg 65w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Arts-in-STEAM-225x134.jpg 225w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Arts-in-STEAM-350x209.jpg 350w\" \/><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Figure 1. The Notion of Arts in STEAM education (Girdzijauskiene &amp; \u0160mitiene, 2020).<\/p>\n<p>There are different STEAM models:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The equivalent integrative STEAM model (S+T+E+A+M). In this model, the content and means of teaching all subjects are treated as equally valuable, i.e. disciplines of mathematics, science, technology, engineering, arts. (Perignat &amp; Katz-Buonincontro, 2019; Costantino, 2018\u00a0 etc.). Integration methods are\u00a0 interdisciplinary and multi-subject. The several features are planning and implementing multidisciplinary STEAM programs, detailed descriptions of the STEAM programs, covers a period longer than several months (in some cases the whole academic year), multiple forms of recording learning outcomes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Multidisciplinary or transdisciplinary, integration is characterized by a focus on the learner, their cognitive activity, learning through research, independent action and decision-making. (Perignat &amp; Katz-Buonincontro, 2019; Costantino, 2018; Shatunoval et al., 2019; Hunter-Doniger et al., 2018).<\/p>\n<p>2. The arts-supplemented integrative STEAM model (STEM+A). This model is based on the instrumental concept of the purpose of art. They are related to the diversification of students&#8217; academic activities, supplementing the repertoire of students&#8217; practical activities through drawing, singing, movement, dance, acting.\u00a0 (Knochel, 2018; Morgan ir Collett, 2018; How, Loong ir Hung, 2019). Integration methods are interdisciplinary, and so on. The several features are that the axes of integration become the subjects of natural sciences,\u00a0short-term project as a main teaching-learning form,\u00a0one (less often several) forms of recording learning outcomes,\u00a0developing students\u2018 artistic and creative mindsets (G\u00fclhan &amp; \u015eahin, 2018; Peppler &amp; Wohlowend, 2018; Ahn, 2015).<\/p>\n<h3><strong>The expanding practices of STEAM<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Nowadays, the practice of including the arts in STEM has expanded significantly. School communities seek and find a variety of the ways for the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary integration of the arts. The experience brought by various transnational and national STEAM projects is very valuable in this search. Klaip\u0117da Vyd\u016bnas Gymnasium community (Lithuania) actively implemented STEAM projects in school, participated in CASE (Creativity, Arts and Science in Primary Educations) community activities (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.project-case.eu\/\">http:\/\/www.project-case.eu\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>In these STEAM projects, great attention was paid to the involvement of various arts (art, dance, theater, etc.) in the study of natural cognition and mathematics. The CASE project proposes methods based on the IBSE (Inquiry Based Science Education Circle).\u00a0 It is a \u201cscience through art\u201d principle of teaching and learning that encourages teachers and students to raise issues and make creative decisions. The school chooses the seven-step methodology of STEAM projects for the involvement of the arts: question, proof, analysis, explanation, aggregation, communication, reflection. The developed methodology enables learners to understand scientific concepts and phenomena, to develop cooperation and teamwork skills, creative and critical thinking skills. The main axis of activities becomes the search for the links between the interdisciplinarity of science and art, the promotion of interest in natural sciences, and the increase of involvement in learning.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Primary school students&#8217; project &#8220;Who needs ants?&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Pupils recorded the data collected during the research, collecting scientific information by drawing and photographing, and presented the results of the research in the shadow theater (picture, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.svietimonaujienos.lt\/meno-ir-mokslo-jungtys-steam-projektuose\/\">https:\/\/www.svietimonaujienos.lt\/meno-ir-mokslo-jungtys-steam-projektuose\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone size-full wp-image-69\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-69\" src=\"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193703.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1171\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193703.jpg 1171w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193703-300x136.jpg 300w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193703-1024x463.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193703-768x347.jpg 768w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193703-65x29.jpg 65w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193703-225x102.jpg 225w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193703-350x158.jpg 350w\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Figure 2. The integrating arts and science in the primary school project \u201cWho needs ants?\u201d (Photos: Vyd\u016bnas Gymnasium, Lithuania)<\/p>\n<p>In another project, the living conditions of spiders and their peculiarities were researched, the findings of the project were presented by slow-motion movie created by students, which was presented at the conference of Klaipeda University (Lithuania) (Figure 2; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qL32y-Rkfz8\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qL32y-Rkfz8<\/a>). In their research, students sought answers to the questions: Are all spiders venomous? Do spiders have feelings? The children were then divided into six groups. Each group chose one question that interested them the most.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone size-full wp-image-70\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-70\" src=\"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193723.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1168\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193723.jpg 1168w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193723-300x99.jpg 300w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193723-1024x338.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193723-768x253.jpg 768w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193723-65x21.jpg 65w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193723-225x74.jpg 225w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193723-350x115.jpg 350w\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Figure 3. Pupils explore the kingdom of spiders (Photos: Vyd\u016bnas Gymnasium, Lithuania)<\/p>\n<p>Students had to come up with three characters (at least one of them had to be a spider) who had 3 and 2 bad qualities and 1 secret. They had to portray the chosen character, showing all the qualities and mystery. For this purpose, they used wallpapers &#8211; on the wallpapers they drew the outline of the child&#8217;s figure, students were encouraged to draw a character with assigned characteristics.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption size-full wp-image-71 aligncenter\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-71 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193737.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"444\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193737.jpg 444w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193737-226x300.jpg 226w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193737-65x86.jpg 65w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193737-225x298.jpg 225w, https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-05-193737-350x464.jpg 350w\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Figure 4. Sculpture method in STEAM project (Photo: Vyd\u016bnas Gymnasium, Lithuania)<\/p>\n<p>The next step is to create a story using the accumulated knowledge of spiders.\u00a0 All stories were presented using the sculptural method, i. e. the \u201cfrozen\u201d composition depicts three moments in history. Once all the stories were presented and discussed, students voted on which story they found most interesting.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>As it can be seen from the previous examples, the multidisciplinary type of integration can fundamentally change the content of teaching \/ learning and the process of its implementation, i.e. encourage the abandonment of the traditional model of classroom education, learning only in classrooms or school settings. In many cases, the implementation of the program goes beyond the boundaries of one educational institution or curriculum. The main objective is to create a creative ecosystem to achieve the goals of STEAM\u00a0 (Radziwill et al., 2015).<\/p>\n<h3><em>References<\/em><\/h3>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1296392\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Allina<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">B.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">The development of <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> educational policy to promote student creativity and social empowerment<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Arts Education Policy Review<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">119<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">2<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">77<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">87<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1296392\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1296392\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1296392<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"book-edited\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"book-edited\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"book-edited\" data-edited=\"True\" data-series=\"False\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Colucci-Gray<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">L.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Burnard<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">P.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Gray<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">D.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Cooke<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2019<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"book-edited\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">A critical review of <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span> (<span class=\"term.definition\">Science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.in\">. In<\/span> <span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"editor\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"editor\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"foreSur\"><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">G. W.<\/span> <span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Noblit<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\">(<span class=\"term.edOrEds\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">Ed.<\/span>)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.book\" data-type=\"book-edited\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"known\" data-nametype=\"Family\"><span class=\"name.family\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\" data-allow-external-translator=\"no\">Oxford<\/span><\/span> research encyclopedia of education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"group.publisher\"><span class=\"Publisher\" data-display-type=\"None\">Oxford University Press<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190264093.013.398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190264093.013.398\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190264093.013.398<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1292973\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Costantino<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">T.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> by another name: Transdisciplinary practice in art and design education<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Arts Education Policy Review<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">119<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">2<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">100<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">106<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1292973\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1292973\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1292973<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.935\" data-type=\"book\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"book\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"book\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"False\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Friedl<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">A.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2017<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.book\" data-type=\"book\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Teaching science to children: <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">An<\/span> integrated approach. McGrow-<span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">hill<\/span> <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">collage<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224822\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Glass<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">D.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"person\u00acfnAtEnd\">Wilson<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2016<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">The art and science of looking: <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Collaboratively<\/span> learning our way to improved <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> integration<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">69<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">6<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">8<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">14<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224822\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224822\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224822<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.971\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15823\/p.2020.140.9\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Girdzijauskien\u0117<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"name.given\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix tmr-comment-highlight merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">R.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">, &amp; <\/span><\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"foreSur\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">\u0160mitien\u0117<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"name.given\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix tmr-comment-highlight merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">G.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2021<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">The <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">notion<\/span> of <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">arts<\/span> in <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">concept<\/span>: A <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">semi<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">systematic<\/span> <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">literature<\/span> <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">review<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Pedagogika<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">,<\/span> <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">140<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">4<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">155<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">\u2013<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">1<\/span>71<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15823\/p.2020.140.9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15823\/p.2020.140.9\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15823\/p.2020.140.9<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220671.2013.823364\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Hansen<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">M.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2014<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Characteristics of schools successful in <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEM<\/span><\/span>: Evidence from two states<span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">\u2019<\/span> longitudinal data<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Journal of Educational Research<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">107<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">5<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">374<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">391<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220671.2013.823364\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220671.2013.823364\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220671.2013.823364<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1414534\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Hunter-Doniger<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">T.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art infusion: <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Ideal<\/span> conditions for <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">71<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">2<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">22<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">27<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1414534\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1414534\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1414534<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1389593\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Hunter-Doniger<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">T.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Howard<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Harris<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">R.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Hall<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> through culturally relevant teaching and storytelling<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">71<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">46<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">51<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1389593\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1389593\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2018.1389593<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.971\" data-type=\"conference\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"conference\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"conference\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"False\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\"><span class=\"tmr-comment-highlight\">Yakman<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">G.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2008<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"conference\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> education: An overview of creating a model of integrative education, the pupils<span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">\u2019<\/span> attitudes towards technology (PATT-19)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"id.URL tmr-comment-highlight\" data-type=\"uri\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/327351326_STEAM_Education_an_overview_of_creating_a_model_of_integrative_education<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"name.conferenceDateAndLocation\"><span class=\"Conference\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><span class=\"term.conference\">Conference<\/span>: Research on Technology Innovation Design and Engineering Teaching<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/eta.14.1.35_1\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Knochel<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">A. D.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">An object-oriented curriculum theory for <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span>: Boundary shifters, materiality and per(form)ing 3D thinking<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">International Journal of Education Through Art<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">14<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">35<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">48<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/eta.14.1.35_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/eta.14.1.35_1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/eta.14.1.35_1<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224873\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Liao<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2016<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">From interdisciplinary to transdisciplinary: <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">An<\/span> arts-integrated approach to <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> education<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">69<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">6<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">44<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">49<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224873\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1224873<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.908\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"True\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Maeda<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">J.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2013<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEM<\/span><\/span> +<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">.<\/span> <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"refDetail.unmatched tmr-comment-highlight\">= STEAM<\/span><span class=\"tmr-comment-highlight\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"refDetail.unmatched tmr-comment-highlight\">The STEAM Journal<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">3<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"id.URL\" data-type=\"uri\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\">https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/5d30\/c4d0ffd67a4cd4d8ffbfa0eab32bf6ba8806.pdf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"misc\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"misc\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"misc\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"False\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Morgan<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">D. L.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Scannell<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">A.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">1998<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"misc\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Planning Focus Group as qualitative research<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.book\" data-type=\"misc\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Sage <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">publications<\/span> <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">Inc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781412984287\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781412984287\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">https:\/\/doi.org\/<\/span>10.4135\/9781412984287<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.373\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.12860\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">O.Nyumba<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">T.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"1\">Wilson<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">K.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"1\">Derrick<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C. J.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"1\">Mukherjee<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">N.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"> <span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Methods<span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"> in <\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Ecology<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"> and <\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Evolution<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">9<\/span><\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">20<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">32<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210x.12860\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210x.12860\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.12860<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.946\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Payton<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">F.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">White<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">A.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Mullins<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">T.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2017<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEM<\/span><\/span> majors, art thinkers (<span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEM<\/span><\/span> + Arts) \u2013 <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Issues<\/span> of duality, rigor and inclusion<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"tmr-comment-highlight\">Journal of <\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix tmr-comment-highlight merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Stem<\/span><span class=\"tmr-comment-highlight\"> Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">8<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">3<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">39<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">47<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"id.URL\" data-type=\"uri\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\">https:\/\/www.jstem.org\/jstem\/index.php\/JSTEM\/article\/view\/2101\/1870<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1316331\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Peppler<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">K.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Wohlwend<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">K.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Theorizing the nexus of <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> practice<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Arts Education Policy Review<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">119<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">2<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">88<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">99<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1316331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1316331\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10632913.2017.1316331<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.971\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsc.2018.10.002\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Perignat<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">E.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Katz-<span class=\"tmr-comment-highlight\">Buonincontro<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">J.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2019<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> in practice and research: An integrative literature review<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Thinking Skills and Creativity<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">31<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">31<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">43<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"id.URL tmr-comment-highlight\" data-type=\"uri\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\">https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1016\/j.tsc.2018.10.002<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsc.2018.10.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsc.2018.10.002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsc.2018.10.002<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1176475\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Rufo<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">D.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2016<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span>-ing up the science fair<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Art Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">69<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">4<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">12<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">16<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1176475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1176475\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00043125.2016.1176475<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-pub-med=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29904562\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jmbe.v19i1.1360\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Segarra<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">V. A.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Natalizio<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">B.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Falkenberg<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">C. V.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Pulford<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">S.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Holmes<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">R. M.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span>: <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Using<\/span> the arts to train well-rounded and creative scientists<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Journal<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"> of <\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Microbiology<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"> and <\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Biology<\/span> <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">19<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">1<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">8<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jmbe.v19i1.1360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jmbe.v19i1.1360\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">https:\/\/doi.org\/<\/span><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">10.1128\/jmbe.v19i1.1360<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"0.978\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\"><span class=\"tmr-comment-highlight\">Shatunoval<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">O.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Anisimova<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">T.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Sabirova<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">F.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"name.nameBridgeName\">, &amp; <\/span><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Kalimullina<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">O.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"date.ref.year\"><span class=\"id.year\">2019<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\"><span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> as an innovative educational technology<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Journal of Social Studies Education Research<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">19<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">153<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">179<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"id.URL\" data-type=\"uri\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\">https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/EJ1220702.pdf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Reference meropsPara\" data-merops-match-confidence=\"1.000\" data-type=\"journal\" data-placeholder=\"Type or paste your reference here\u2026\"><span data-display-type=\"Formatting\" data-mrg-mode=\"formatting\" data-source-format=\"vPosn=baseline\"><span class=\"ref.text\"><span class=\"ref.contents.subPart\" data-type=\"journal\" data-contains-unmatched=\"False\" data-validated-u-r-l-crossref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/jmte.4.2-3.245_1\"><span class=\"ref.contents\" data-type=\"journal\" data-edited=\"False\" data-series=\"True\" data-translated=\"False\" data-status=\"published\"><span class=\"group.name\"><span class=\"name.person.withDegreesEtc\" data-type=\"author\" data-str-name-type=\"western\"><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"author\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-sequence=\"surFore\"><span class=\"Family_Name\" data-display-type=\"Default\" data-type=\"noPrefix\">Welch<\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\">, <\/span><span class=\"Given_Name\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">G. F.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"group.date.ref\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">(<\/span><span class=\"Year\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\"><span class=\"id.year\">2012<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"Article_Title\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.doc\" data-type=\"journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">The arts and humanities, technology and the <span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">\u201c<\/span><span class=\"name.person\" data-type=\"known\" data-nametype=\"Family\"><span class=\"name.family\" data-nametype=\"western\" data-apply-visual-style=\"False\" data-allow-external-translator=\"no\">English<\/span><\/span> Baccalaureate<span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">\u201d<\/span>: <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEAM<\/span><\/span> not <span class=\"term.abbreviationDefinition\"><span class=\"term.abbreviation\" data-apply-visual-style=\"True\">STEM<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">. <\/span><span class=\"formatted.text\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Source\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"title.journal\" data-apply-visual-style=\"false\">Journal of Music, Technology and Education<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"ref.volume.formatting\" data-output-format=\"italic=True\"><span class=\"Volume_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\">4<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">(<\/span><span class=\"Issue_Number\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"chga_Thrix merops-change-d\" data-merops-change=\"implied\" data-merops-change-by=\"Thrix\">2<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">)<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">, <\/span><span class=\"id.pages\" data-order=\"first\"><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">245<\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.misc\">\u2013<\/span><span class=\"Page_Numbers\" data-display-type=\"None\">250<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" data-type=\"ref.frame\">. <\/span><span class=\"Miscellaneous\" data-display-type=\"None\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" data-display-type=\"Default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/jmte.4.2-3.245_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-display-type=\"Hyperlink\" data-h-ref=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/jmte.4.2-3.245_1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/jmte.4.2-3.245_1<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":278,"href":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23\/revisions\/278"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=23"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=23"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.htk.tlu.ee\/STEAM\/handbook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=23"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}